Environmental factors affecting nutritional status in urban areas of developing countries / Factores ambientales que afectan los estatus nutricionales en las áreas urbanas de países desarrollados

The demographic and economic transition that many developing countries are undergoing is producing important changes in diet and lifestyle that greatly impact on disease risks. Among the risks behaviors associated with socieconomic transition and urbanization are excessive dietary fat intake, sedentary lifestyle, smoking, and environmental contamination. Contamination. Combined with a reduced infant mortality and increased life expectancy, those risk factors lead to an increasing prevalence of chronic diseases like non-insulin dependent diabetes and coronary heart disease. This disease profile is a relatively new phenomenon in developing countries, where health programs have traditionally focused on "acute" interventions such as immunization or oral rehydration. A new approach will be needed to address chronic diseases. which frequenthy demand a life-long and technically complex medical management, and may have significant impact on the quality of life and productivity of the population. Efforts to address this situation should focus on a) expanding the information base on diet, nutritional status and lifestyle changes in populations migrating to urban areas; b) developing and evaluating approaches for improving diet quality in urban population, including fortification and community-based supplementation programs; c) understanding better the social and behavioral determinants of nutritional status in the urban poor; and d) defining the role of the food industry and of agricultural production for improving the quality of the food supply in urban areas

Interacciones entre los componentes de la dieta / Interactions between diet constituents

En este artículo se describe un número considerable de interacciones dietarias. De éstas, sólo un número relativamente pequeño han demonstrado ser de relevancia en la nutrición humana, bajo condiciones de dietas reales. Estas interacciones ocurren más a menudo a nivel del lumen intestinal, pero también puden suscitarse durante la utilización o el almacenamiento de nutrientes. Las dietas de consumo tradicional de los países en desarrollo, que corrientemente incluyen cereales no refinados y otras fuentes de fibra, pueden inhibir la biodisponibilidad de nutrientes minerales, contribuyendo así a deficiencias específicas. Las interacciones entre nutrientes también pueden afectar el estado nutricional, particularmente en grupos de población tales como el de personas de edad avanzada, quienes frecuentemente reciben medicación prolongada, y cuya ingesta de alimentos sea sólo marginalmente adecuada